Statistics and indicators on women and men
 

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Table 5c. Distribution of labour force by status in employment
Last Updated: June 2011
         
 
         
 
         
 
Country or area Year
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Source
Algeria 2004
49.8
61.9
1.3
5.8
35.3
24.9
13.6
7.1
HS
  
American Samoa 1990 a
98.5
97.0
1.2
2.9
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.1
PC
  
Anguilla 2001 b
66.1
63.2
21.7
12.9
1.4
2.2
3.6
8.0
PC
  
Antigua and Barbuda 1991
82.5
77.9
2.5
5.3
12.8
14.6
0.9
0.7
PC
  
Argentina 2006 c,d
80.2
72.5
2.5
5.3
15.7
21.4
1.6
0.7
HS
  
Australia 2007 b
91.0
85.5
2.1
3.3
6.6
11.1
0.4
0.2
HS
  
Austria 2008
88.5
84.3
2.8
6.5
6.0
7.2
2.7
2.0
HS
  
Azerbaijan 2007 b,e,f
32.7
50.7
1.3
8.7
66.0
40.5
0.0
0.0
HS
  
Bahamas 2004 b
87.4
81.6
…
…
…
…
0.5
0.0
HS
  
Bangladesh 2005 b,g
11.7
14.5
0.1
0.3
26.4
74.8
60.1
9.7
HS
  
Barbados 2004 b
89.5
79.5
0.5
1.9
9.7
17.9
0.2
0.0
HS
  
Belgium 2008
89.2
83.0
2.1
5.9
6.5
10.7
2.2
0.4
HS
  
Belize 2005 h
73.9
66.9
4.5
8.4
17.2
20.9
4.3
3.7
HS
  
Bhutan 2005
18.0
51.9
0.7
1.7
23.9
17.6
51.7
21.3
PC
  
Bolivia 2002 b,i
26.5
38.5
2.2
6.8
36.4
41.6
34.8
12.6
HS
  
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2007
73.6
72.7
…
…
…
…
8.9
2.0
HS
  
Botswana 2003 b,j
71.9
74.4
2.3
3.1
14.5
5.0
2.2
2.2
HS
  
Brazil 2006 c
66.0
61.9
2.8
5.7
16.1
24.9
8.1
4.6
HS
  
British Virgin Islands 1991
91.9
83.9
4.0
7.4
3.0
6.8
…
…
PC
  
Brunei Darussalam 1991
96.1
94.4
0.5
1.2
2.8
4.1
0.6
0.4
PC
  
Bulgaria 2008
90.2
85.3
2.3
4.9
6.0
9.2
1.5
0.6
HS
  
Burkina Faso 1994 c,k
1.4
5.8
0.0
0.5
11.0
40.2
87.3
52.2
HS
  
Cameroon 2001
8.7
29.3
1.1
2.1
60.6
54.9
27.2
9.5
HS
  
Canada 2007 b,l
88.6
80.8
2.8
7.1
8.4
12.0
0.2
0.1
HS
  
Cape Verde 2000 c
33.0
43.8
1.6
3.3
29.2
29.4
14.8
6.5
PC
  
Cayman Islands 2007 b
94.7
89.3
2.6
4.8
2.1
5.5
…
…
HS
  
Chad 1993 m
0.8
8.8
0.1
0.3
53.6
76.4
44.4
13.2
PC
  
Chile 2007
74.4
70.8
1.7
3.8
21.1
24.4
2.8
0.9
HS
  
China, Hong Kong SAR 2007 b,n
94.0
84.2
1.7
6.2
3.2
9.5
1.1
0.1
HS
  
China, Macao SAR 2007 b,h
94.6
88.5
1.5
5.2
2.5
6.2
1.4
0.1
HS
  
Colombia 2007 b,c
56.1
53.0
3.1
5.7
34.6
37.9
6.1
3.2
HS
  
Costa Rica 2007 j
76.1
71.3
4.0
9.1
17.1
18.4
2.8
1.3
HS
  
Croatia 2007 o,p
79.8
77.3
3.0
7.3
13.5
14.2
3.7
1.1
HS
  
Cuba 2007 q,r
93.5
76.7
…
…
4.2
16.6
…
…
HS
  
Cyprus 2008
87.2
74.4
1.3
9.0
8.6
15.7
3.0
0.9
HS
  
Czech Republic 2008
89.4
79.8
1.9
4.8
7.7
15.1
1.0
0.3
HS
  
Denmark 2008
95.0
87.6
1.6
5.9
2.9
6.2
0.5
0.3
HS
  
Djibouti 1991 s
78.7
75.4
0.4
2.1
15.3
17.0
…
…
HS
  
Dominica 2001
75.6
63.6
3.3
6.1
18.6
28.2
1.9
1.2
PC
  
Dominican Republic 2007 c
67.3
46.5
2.5
4.7
26.7
45.9
3.4
2.9
HS
  
Ecuador 2006 c,t
54.5
63.1
4.5
7.8
29.9
24.7
11.1
4.4
HS
  
Egypt 2006 b,m
53.7
63.7
2.8
15.9
10.9
11.9
32.6
8.6
HS
  
El Salvador 2006 c
42.5
63.7
2.8
5.5
34.1
20.4
9.9
8.8
HS
  
Equatorial Guinea 1983 u
6.0
30.7
…
…
…
…
76.5
16.5
PC
  
Estonia 2008 v
95.1
89.5
1.5
5.0
3.2
5.5
…
…
HS
  
Ethiopia 2006 b,c,t
42.7
49.3
0.4
1.0
43.4
40.5
12.7
7.8
HS
  
Fiji 2005 w
56.6
59.4
1.1
1.1
19.5
26.5
19.9
12.3
HS
  
Finland 2008 v
91.4
83.3
1.9
5.5
6.2
10.6
0.4
0.6
HS
  
France 2008
92.7
86.7
2.5
6.3
3.8
6.7
0.9
0.3
HS
  
French Polynesia 2002
83.6
78.7
…
…
…
…
3.0
2.1
PC
  
Gabon 1993
29.2
58.6
0.2
0.9
57.3
34.5
5.3
2.0
PC
  
Germany 2008
91.3
86.0
2.5
6.6
4.8
6.9
1.5
0.4
HS
  
Greece 2008
69.0
61.8
4.3
11.1
16.9
23.7
9.8
3.4
HS
  
Grenada 1998 o
75.2
68.6
4.1
6.6
17.3
17.3
1.7
0.7
HS
  
Guatemala 2002 b,c
25.6
30.7
2.4
7.0
37.0
30.1
24.5
21.3
HS
  
Guyana 1992 h
52.9
52.2
…
…
…
…
3.6
10.1
HS
  
Haiti 1990 c
21.2
17.4
…
…
…
…
11.2
12.3
OE
  
Honduras 2005 b,c,x
52.6
48.7
…
…
…
…
8.3
12.1
HS
  
Hungary 2008 v
91.4
84.7
3.0
6.9
5.2
8.1
0.5
0.3
HS
  
Iceland 2007 b,y
91.9
81.1
2.7
6.6
4.7
12.0
0.0
0.1
HS
  
Indonesia 2007
30.7
35.9
1.4
3.8
34.4
52.5
33.6
7.8
HS
  
Iran, Islamic Republic of 2007 c
42.2
53.4
0.9
6.4
23.4
34.4
32.7
5.4
HS
  
Ireland 2008
92.5
74.9
2.4
8.3
4.3
16.2
0.8
0.6
HS
  
Isle of Man 2001
92.3
79.7
2.4
6.1
5.3
14.2
…
…
PC
  
Israel 2007 b
91.8
83.5
1.7
6.3
5.1
9.0
0.4
0.1
HS
  
Italy 2008
80.7
70.5
3.9
8.9
13.0
19.4
2.5
1.2
HS
  
Jamaica 2006 b,h
66.1
57.6
2.1
3.8
29.2
37.9
2.2
0.5
HS
  
Japan 2007
86.4
86.0
1.1
3.6
4.7
8.8
7.3
1.1
HS
  
Kazakhstan 2004
60.2
64.1
0.6
1.6
37.2
32.2
1.3
1.0
HS
  
Kyrgyzstan 2006
51.7
50.2
0.6
1.5
27.8
38.6
19.3
8.8
HS
  
Lao People's Democratic Republic 1995 b,j
5.4
14.3
0.1
0.4
57.0
56.3
37.6
29.1
PC
  
Latvia 2008 v
92.6
87.2
1.8
4.8
4.5
6.6
1.2
1.4
HS
  
Lesotho 1999 c
29.9
22.5
0.8
0.7
6.0
3.8
…
…
HS
  
Lithuania 2008 z
91.2
85.8
1.0
3.3
5.8
9.9
2.0
1.0
HS
  
Luxembourg 2008
93.6
93.4
1.4
3.2
4.6
3.4
…
…
HS
  
Madagascar 2005 b,u
10.8
16.0
…
…
16.1
51.8
73.0
32.1
HS
  
Malawi 1987 c
3.9
29.0
0.0
0.1
95.7
70.7
…
…
PC
  
Malaysia 2007 b,m
77.3
72.5
1.3
4.6
12.5
20.1
8.8
2.7
HS
  
Maldives 2000 j,o
28.8
21.3
1.1
4.5
35.1
54.9
3.4
1.3
PC
  
Mali 2004 a1
11.4
15.2
…
…
…
…
10.2
18.4
HS
  
Malta 2008
93.6
83.2
1.3
5.8
4.9
11.0
…
…
HS
  
Marshall Islands 1999
67.7
72.9
0.0
1.4
29.0
24.3
0.0
1.4
PC
  
Mauritius 2007 a,b
83.2
77.2
1.4
4.1
10.1
17.0
4.7
0.9
HS
  
Mexico 2007 h
65.1
65.7
2.5
6.5
22.3
22.8
10.0
4.9
HS
  
Mongolia 2003 b
41.8
37.1
0.4
0.7
25.7
43.4
31.7
18.4
HS
  
Montenegro 2005 m
85.4
77.1
…
…
…
…
2.6
1.9
HS
  
Montserrat 1991
87.4
78.3
2.6
5.7
8.9
13.7
0.5
1.1
PC
  
Morocco 2007
34.1
48.8
0.6
3.0
12.7
29.5
51.8
16.5
HS
  
Namibia 2004 b1
68.8
76.0
4.3
6.6
22.3
13.7
5.8
3.2
HS
  
Nepal 2001 c
12.8
33.7
3.7
3.9
70.6
56.7
12.9
5.7
PC
  
Netherlands 2008 m
89.9
84.2
1.8
5.4
7.5
10.2
0.8
0.2
HS
  
New Caledonia 1996 h
89.1
80.5
…
…
…
…
0.5
0.3
PC
  
New Zealand 2007 b
87.2
78.7
3.2
7.1
8.0
13.3
1.5
0.8
HS
  
Nicaragua 2006 c
51.7
49.7
2.5
5.3
36.4
32.4
9.1
12.2
HS
  
Norway 2008 y
95.5
89.2
1.2
2.8
2.9
7.7
0.4
0.2
HS
  
Occupied Palestinian Territory 2006
55.0
60.2
0.8
5.4
12.7
27.7
31.5
6.6
HS
  
Oman 2000 j,b,c1
87.8
87.8
0.6
2.0
9.2
9.6
…
…
HS
  
Pakistan 2007 b,c
24.6
40.6
0.1
1.0
13.4
39.8
61.9
18.6
HS
  
Panama 2007
74.6
65.9
1.8
4.0
19.6
27.8
4.0
2.3
HS
  
Paraguay 2007 b,c
46.8
49.0
2.8
6.5
41.4
33.7
8.9
10.8
HS
  
Peru 2007 h,t,o
48.8
58.2
3.8
8.2
37.2
28.7
9.9
4.7
HS
  
Philippines 2007 d1
51.0
51.1
2.4
5.3
28.6
34.6
18.0
9.0
HS
  
Poland 2008
79.6
75.0
2.7
5.1
11.8
17.1
5.9
2.7
HS
  
Portugal 2008
77.6
74.6
3.3
7.4
17.9
17.3
1.2
0.7
HS
  
Puerto Rico 2007 a,b
90.8
79.5
…
…
…
…
0.0
0.0
HS
  
Qatar 2004
99.9
98.7
0.1
0.8
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
PC
  
Republic of Korea 2007 b
68.8
67.7
3.5
8.9
15.0
22.2
12.7
1.2
HS
  
Republic of Moldova 2007
69.7
63.7
0.7
1.1
26.3
33.9
3.4
1.3
HS
  
Romania 2008
67.6
67.2
0.7
1.9
12.7
24.9
18.9
6.0
HS
  
Russian Federation 2007 e1
93.3
92.0
1.1
1.7
5.4
6.0
0.1
0.1
HS
  
Rwanda 1996 m
3.3
9.4
0.0
0.1
65.5
56.2
30.0
32.7
HS
  
Saint Kitts and Nevis 2001
88.7
81.8
1.7
4.8
6.1
9.5
0.8
0.5
PC
  
Saint Lucia 2000
70.6
58.8
3.1
7.3
23.8
30.9
1.4
0.5
HS
  
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1991
79.4
71.2
3.3
6.8
14.5
19.8
2.7
2.1
PC
  
Samoa 2001
59.1
44.2
5.2
4.6
…
…
35.7
51.2
PC
  
San Marino 2007
92.9
88.7
…
…
…
…
0.0
0.0
OE
  
Sao Tome and Principe 1991 c
68.9
72.3
0.1
0.5
29.1
25.1
0.7
0.8
PC
  
Senegal 1991 c
7.5
14.4
0.1
1.0
58.6
51.7
32.4
25.3
HS
  
Serbia 2007
76.8
70.4
2.9
5.1
8.3
21.4
11.9
3.1
HS
  
Seychelles 1987 j
85.9
78.5
1.0
1.4
5.1
13.9
…
…
PC
  
Sierra Leone 2004 c
3.7
11.3
…
…
74.7
73.9
21.6
14.8
PC
  
Singapore 2007 f1
89.9
80.8
2.8
6.8
6.0
11.9
1.3
0.4
HS
  
Slovakia 2008
91.8
81.5
1.7
4.4
6.0
14.0
0.2
0.1
HS
  
Slovenia 2008
88.7
83.5
1.7
4.4
4.2
8.9
5.4
3.2
HS
  
South Africa 2007
80.8
83.5
15.6
14.0
2.8
1.9
0.6
0.3
HS
  
Spain 2008 a,
86.7
79.2
3.5
7.4
8.4
12.6
1.4
0.8
HS
  
Sri Lanka 2007 c,b,g1
55.1
57.2
0.7
3.9
22.5
34.5
21.7
4.4
HS
  
Suriname 1998 h
86.8
77.8
0.2
0.9
9.2
18.8
1.6
0.9
HS
  
Swaziland 1997 j
67.4
82.7
1.3
1.6
28.1
13.7
1.5
0.8
PC
  
Sweden 2008 h1
94.1
85.6
1.6
5.7
4.1
8.5
0.3
0.2
HS
  
Switzerland 2007 b,i1
86.0
82.0
3.3
8.2
7.4
8.1
3.2
1.7
HS
  
Syrian Arab Republic 2001 b
46.6
49.8
1.4
9.8
7.8
29.7
44.2
10.8
HS
  
TFYR of Macedonia 2007 b
76.9
69.3
3.3
7.0
4.8
16.7
14.9
7.0
HS
  
Thailand 2007 b
42.4
44.6
1.5
4.2
26.0
37.1
29.9
14.0
HS
  
Tonga 1996
40.2
43.5
0.3
0.6
25.5
26.1
33.6
29.7
PC
  
Trinidad and Tobago 2005
83.0
76.4
2.8
5.5
11.4
17.0
1.7
0.3
HS
  
Turkey 2008 b
49.7
62.3
1.3
7.3
11.3
25.1
37.7
5.3
HS
  
Tuvalu 2002
97.5
95.5
0.8
2.2
1.5
2.0
0.1
0.2
PC
  
Uganda 2003 c,j1
7.5
22.2
0.2
0.4
51.9
67.1
40.5
10.3
HS
  
Ukraine 2007 k1
79.5
81.8
…
…
…
…
0.3
0.4
HS
  
United Arab Emirates 2005
98.7
96.6
0.7
1.6
0.5
1.7
0.0
0.0
PC
  
United Kingdom 2008 a
91.6
82.0
1.4
4.0
6.4
13.5
0.5
0.2
HS
  
United Republic of Tanzania 2006 l1
6.1
15.3
1.0
2.6
79.9
72.4
13.0
9.7
HS
  
United States 2007 a,b
94.2
91.6
…
…
…
…
0.1
0.1
HS
  
Uruguay 2007 h,o
72.7
67.7
2.9
6.3
21.0
25.1
3.0
0.9
HS
  
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 2007 b
60.6
58.5
1.9
5.6
31.3
27.3
1.6
0.6
HS
  
Viet Nam 2004
21.2
29.8
0.3
0.7
31.3
50.7
47.2
18.9
HS
  
Yemen 1999
13.8
50.7
0.4
2.7
23.6
33.4
0.3
0.3
HS
  
Zimbabwe 2002
23.1
51.0
0.3
0.6
62.9
38.0
13.6
10.4
PC
  

 

 

Sources:

International Labour Office Table 3. Status in employment, published in Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM). Sixth Edition. Also available at: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/kilm/ (accessed June 2011).

HS
 Household survey.
OE
 Official estimates.
PC
 Population census.

Footnotes:

…
 Data not available.
a
 Refers to age group 16+.
b
 Refers to civilian labour force.
c
 Refers to age group 10+.
d
 Geographic limitation - 31 Urban Agglomerations.
e
 Refers to age group 15-61.
f
 Data for males refers to ages 15-61 and data for females to ages 15-56.
g
 Own-account workers includes members of producers' cooperatives.
h
 Refers to age group 14+.
i
 Data are derived from micro-sources.
j
 Refers to age group 12+.
k
 Workers not classifiable by status refer to volunteers.
l
 Excluding residents of the Territories and indigenous persons living on reserves
m
 Refers to age group 15-64.
n
 Excluding marine and institutional populations.
o
 Excluding conscripts.
p
 Estimates are unreliable.
q
 Refers to age group 17-60.
r
 Total self-employed does not include employers.
s
 Own-account workers refers to "independent" workers.
t
 Geographic limitation - Urban Areas.
u
 Refers to age group 6+.
v
 Refers to age group 15-74.
w
 Refers to age group 15-55.
x
 Excluding the provinces of Gracias a Dios and Islas de la Bahía.
y
 Refers to age group 16-74.
z
 Age group is not specified.
a1
 Contributing family workers include apprentices.
b1
 Refers to age group 15-69.
c1
 Omanis only.
d1
 Excluding regular military living in barracks.
e1
 Refers to age group 15-72.
f1
 Data refer to permanent residents.
g1
 Excluding the Northern and Eastern provinces.
h1
 Refers to age group 16-64.
i1
 Excluding seasonal/border workers
j1
 Excluding Pader and some parts of Kitgum and Gulu districts.
k1
 Refers to age group 15-70.
l1
 Tanzania mainland excluding Zanzibar.

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Technical notes:

The distribution of workers of each sex by status in employment is shown for employees, employers, own-account workers and contributing family workers only. These groups may not sum to 100 per cent, because members of producers' cooperatives and workers not classifiable by status are not shown.

The four groups are as defined in the International Classification by Status in Employment (ICSE-1993):

Employees are all those workers who hold the type of job defined as "paid employment jobs". Paid employment jobs are those jobs where the workers hold an explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contract that provides a basic remuneration which is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work. Some or all of the tools, capital equipment, information systems and/or premises used by the workers may be owned by others, and the workers may perform their duties under direct supervision of, or according to strict guidelines set by the owner or persons in the owners’ employment.

Employers are those workers who, working on their own-account or with one or few partners, hold the type of job defined as a "self-employment job" and, in this capacity, on a continuous basis (including the reference period) have engaged one or more persons to work for them in their business as "employee(s)". Self-employment jobs are those jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits (or the potential profits) derived from the goods and services produced (where own consumption is considered to be part of the profits).

Own-account workers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or more partners, hold a "self-employment job" and have not engaged on a continuous basis any "employees" to work for them during the reference period.

Contributing family workers are those workers who hold a "self-employment" job in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household, who cannot be regarded as a partner, because their degree of commitment to the operation of the establishment, in terms of working time or other factors to be determined by national circumstances, is not at a level comparable to that of the head of the establishment. (Where it is customary for young persons, in particular, to work without pay in an economic enterprise operated by a related person who does not live in the same household, the requirement of "living in the same household" may be eliminated.).